以B進位計算N!尾數有幾個0以及有幾個位數。
想法:
- 位數部分比較簡單,如果要知道n有幾位數,直接log(10,n)+1,那如果n要換成B進位的話就取log(B,n)+1,而log的計算規則,log(B,N!) = log(B,1)+log(B,2)+......+log(B,N)。
- 計算尾數有幾個0,對(N!)質因數分解,計算每個因數的數量,然後再看這些因數能夠湊成幾個B,例如B=20,那麼有2和5這兩個質因數能組成20,計算能夠湊成幾個,本題時間限制夠長,因此算因數的時候直接2~B枚舉即可。
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#include <cstdio> | |
#include <cmath> | |
using namespace std; | |
int main() | |
{ | |
int N,B; | |
while (scanf("%d%d",&N,&B) != EOF){ | |
double digit = 0; | |
int factor[801] = {0}; | |
double log10_B = log10(B); | |
// N! | |
for (int i = 2; i <= N; i++){ | |
//計算位數 | |
digit += (log10(i) / log10_B); // 換底公式log(B,i) | |
//計算i的質因數 | |
for (int temp = i, j = 2; j <= B; j++){ | |
while (temp % j == 0){ | |
factor[j]++; | |
temp /= j; | |
} | |
} | |
} | |
// 計算有幾個0 | |
int nOf0 = 0; | |
while (1){ | |
int temp = B; | |
// 將因數從2~B跑過 看能不能使temp==1 | |
for (int i = 2; i <= B; i++){ | |
while (factor[i] && temp % i == 0){ | |
factor[i]--; | |
temp /= i; | |
} | |
} | |
if (temp == 1) nOf0++; | |
else break; | |
} | |
printf("%d %d\n",nOf0,(int)digit+1); | |
} | |
return 0; | |
} |
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